Be In The Know About Cervical Cancer

Be In The Know About Cervical Cancer. Cervical cancer is the commonest cancer cause of death among women in developing countries. Mortality due to cervical cancer is also an indicator of health inequities, as 86% of all deaths due to cervical cancer are in developing, low- and middle-income countries.

Every year in India, 122,844 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 67,477 die from the disease. India has a population of 432.2 million women aged 15 years and older who are at risk of developing cancer. It is the second most common cancer in women aged 15–44 years. India also has the highest age standardized incidence of this type of cancer in South Asia at 22, compared to 19.2 in Bangladesh, 13 in Sri Lanka, and 2.8 in Iran.

HPV has been found to be a necessary but not sufficient cause for this type of cancer. Of the more than 100 HPV types, 18 have been categorized as high-risk types, while the rest are low-risk types for cervical cancer.HPV prevalence among this type of cancer patients in India has varied from 87.8% to 96.67%. Molecular studies have shown that HPV-16 and 18 are the two most common highly oncogenic types found in invasive this type of cancer, and out of these two HPV-16 has been found more commonly.

In Maharashtra, high-risk HPV was associated with increasing age, low education level, manual work, early age at first sexual intercourse, and widowhood/separation. The risk of HPV infection in eastern India was found to be higher in married women and in women with parity >4. HPV infection was found to significantly decrease with age, whereas other infections increased with the age of women. As the age of cohabitation increased, the HPV infection decreased significantly. In Indian women HPV infection is common at 26–35 years of age, which is a decade later than that in developed countries, and cancer occurs between 45 and 59 years of age. Hence, there is a long gap between infection and invasive cancer, which gives ample scope for preventive activities.

What is Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer occurs when abnormal cells on the cervix grow out of control. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. This type of cancer can often be successfully treated when it’s found early. It is usually found at a very early stage through a Pap test.

What are the causes?

Most cervical cancer is caused by a virus called human papilloma virus, or HPV. You can get HPV by having sexual contact with someone who has it. There are many types of the HPV virus. Not all types of HPV cause this type of cancer. Some of them cause genital warts, but other types may not cause any symptoms.

Most adults have been infected with HPV at some time. An infection may go away on its own. But sometimes it can cause genital warts or lead to this type of cancer. That’s why it’s important for women to have regular Pap tests. A Pap test can find changes in cervical cells before they turn into cancer. If you treat these cell changes, you may prevent cervical cancer.

What are the Cervical Cancer Symptoms?

Abnormal cervical cell changes rarely cause symptoms. But you may have symptoms if those cell changes grow into this type of cancer. Symptoms of cervical cancer may include:

• Bleeding from the vagina that is not normal, such as bleeding between menstrual periods, after sex, or after menopause.
• Pain in the lower belly or pelvis.
• Pain during sex.
• Vaginal discharge that isn’t normal.

How is Cervical Cancer diagnosed?

As part of a pelvic exam, you should have a Pap test. During a Pap test, the doctor scrapes a small sample of cells from the surface of the cervix to look for cell changes. If a Pap test shows abnormal cell changes, your doctor may do other tests to look for precancerous or cancer cells on your cervix.

Your doctor may also do a Pap test and take a sample of tissue (biopsy) if you have symptoms of this type of cancer, such as bleeding after sex.

Be In The Know About Cervical Cancer

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